However, since double pipe heat exchangers are simple, they are used to teach heat exchanger design basics to students as the fundamental rules for all heat exchangers are the same.
![x force exchange x force exchange](https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/api/hub/extensionsNew/08fdc6369c4e43e5f8b4de21243b855c/100x100.png)
On the other hand, their low efficiency coupled with the high space occupied in large scales, has led modern industries to use more efficient heat exchangers like shell and tube or plate.
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On one hand, these heat exchangers are cheap for both design and maintenance, making them a good choice for small industries. Sometimes direct knowledge of the LMTD is not available and the NTU method is used.ĭouble pipe heat exchangers are the simplest exchangers used in industries. In most simple systems this is the " log mean temperature difference" (LMTD). The driving temperature across the heat transfer surface varies with position, but an appropriate mean temperature can be defined. The exchanger's performance can also be affected by the addition of fins or corrugations in one or both directions, which increase surface area and may channel fluid flow or induce turbulence. In a cross-flow heat exchanger, the fluids travel roughly perpendicular to one another through the exchanger.įor efficiency, heat exchangers are designed to maximize the surface area of the wall between the two fluids, while minimizing resistance to fluid flow through the exchanger. The counter current design is the most efficient, in that it can transfer the most heat from the heat (transfer) medium per unit mass due to the fact that the average temperature difference along any unit length is higher. In counter-flow heat exchangers the fluids enter the exchanger from opposite ends. In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids enter the exchanger at the same end, and travel in parallel to one another to the other side. There are three primary classifications of heat exchangers according to their flow arrangement. 3: Shell and tube heat exchanger, 2-pass shell side, 2-pass tube side (2-2 countercurrent) Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes.
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Partial view into inlet plenum of shell and tube heat exchanger of a refrigerant based chiller for providing air-conditioning to a buildingĪ heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids.